from collections.abc import Mapping
from typing import Any


def merge_settings(base: Mapping[str, Any], overlay: Mapping[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
    result = dict(base)
    for key, value in overlay.items():
        if isinstance(value, Mapping) and isinstance(result.get(key), Mapping):
            result[key].update(value)
        else:
            result[key] = value
    return result